Celtic Languages

CONTENTS

List of figures vii

List of contributors ix

Preface xiii

Part I HISTORICAL ASPECTS 1

1 Typological aspects of the Celtic languages 3

James Fife

2 The emergence of the Celtic languages 22

Joseph F. Eska

3 Continental Celtic 28

Joseph F. Eska and D. Ellis Evans

4 Early Irish 55

David Stifter

5 Old and Middle Welsh 117

David Willis

Part II THE GOIDELIC LANGUAGES 161

6 Irish 163

Dónall P. Ó Baoill

7 Scottish Gaelic 230

William Gillies

8 Manx 305

George Broderick

Part III THE BRYTHONIC LANGUAGES 357

9 Welsh 359

Gwenllian Awbery

10 Breton 427

Ian Press

11 Cornish 488Part IV THE SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF THE CELTIC LANGUAGES 537

12 Irish- speaking society and the state 539

Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin

13 Scottish Gaelic today: social history and contemporary status 587

Ken MacKinnon

14 The sociolinguistic context of Welsh 650

Robert Owen Jones and Colin H. Williams

15 Language, culture and identity in Brittany: the sociolinguistics of Breton 712

Lenora A. Timm

16 The revived languages – Cornish and Manx 753

Ken George and George Broderick

Index 770