Developmental Biology (6th Edition) By Scott F. Gilbert

Scott F. Gilbert - Developmental Biology (Sixth Edition)





CONTENTS





I Principles of Developmental Biology





1. Developmental Biology: The Anatomical Tradition



1.1 The reception of von Baer's principles

1.2 Conklin's art and science

1.3 Dr. Nicole Le Douarin and chick-quail chimeras

1.4 The mathematical background of pattern formation

1.5 How do zebras (and angelfish) get their stripes?





2. Life Cycles and the Evolution of Developmental Patterns



2.1 Immortal animals

2.2 The human life cycle

2.3 Protist differentiation

2.4 Volvox cell differentiation

2.5 Slime mold life cycle





3. Principles of Experimental Embryology



3.1 Establishing experimental embryology

3.2 The hazards of environmental sex determination

3.3 Receptor gradients

3.4 "Rediscovery" of the morphogenetic field

3.5 How morphogenetic behaviors work

3.6 Demonstrating the thermodynamic model

3.7 Cadherins: Functional anatomy

3.8 Other cell adhesion molecules





4. The Genetic Core of Development



4.1 The embryological origin of the gene theory

4.2 Creating developmental genetics

4.3 Amphibian cloning: Potency and deformity

4.4 Metaplasia

4.5 Antibody formation

4.6 DNA isolation techniques

4.7 Microarray technology

4.8 Knocking out specific genes at specific times and places





5. The Paradigm of Differential Gene Expression



5.1 Displacing nucleosomes

5.2 Structure of the 5' cap

5.3 Promoter structure and the mechanisms of transcription complex assembly

5.4 Families of transcription factors

5.5 Histone acetylation

5.6 Other recombinase methods

5.7 Enhancers and cancers

5.8 Further mechanisms of transcriptional regulation

5.9 Imprinting in humans and mice

5.10 Chromosome elimination and diminution

5.11 The medical importance of X chromosome inactivation

5.12 Differential nRNA censoring

5.13 An inside-out gene

5.14 The mechanism of differential nRNA splicing

5.15 Mechanisms of mRNA translation and degradation

5.16 The discovery of stored mRNAs

5.17 Other examples of translational regulation of gene expression





6. Cell?Cell Communication in Development



6.1 Hen's teeth

6.2 FGF binding

6.3 Functions of the Hedgehog family

6.4 Wnts: An ancient family

6.5 Eye formation: A conserved pathway

6.6 FGFR mutations

6.7 The uses of apoptosis

6.8 Notch mutations

6.9 Connexin mutations





II Early Embryonic Development





7. Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism



7.1 Leeuwenhoek and images of homunculi

7.2 The origins of fertilization research

7.3 The egg and its environment

7.4 The Lillie-Loeb dispute over sperm-egg binding

7.5 Building the egg's extracellular matrix

7.6 Blocks to polyspermy

7.7 Sperm decondensation





8. Early Development in Selected Invertebrates



8.1 Regulating the cell cycle

8.2 Sea urchin cell specification

8.3 Alfred Sturtevant and the genetics of snail coiling

8.4 Modifications of cell fate in spiralian eggs

8.5 The experimental analysis of tunicate cell specification

8.6 P-granule migration

8.7 The PAR proteins

8.8 Mechanisms of cytoplasmic localization in C. elegans





9. The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila



9.1 Drosophila fertilization

9.2 The regulation of Drosophila cleavage

9.3 The early development of other insects

9.4 Evidence for gradients in insect development

9.5 Christiane Nⁿsslein-Volhard and the molecular approach to development

9.6 Mechanism of bicoid mRNA localization

9.7 Asymmetrical spread of morphogens

9.8 Getting a head in the fly

9.9 Homeotic genes and their protein products





10. Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians



10.1 Demonstrating tissue affinities

10.2 Migration of the mesodermal mantle

10.3 Embryology and individuality

10.4 Spemann, Mangold, and the organizer

10.5 Mesoderm induction

10.6 GBP

10.7 Early attempts to locate the organizer molecules

10.8 The specification of the endoderm

10.9 Planar induction

10.10 Regional specification





11. The Early Development of Vertebrates: Fish, Birds and Mammals



11.1 GFP zebrafish movies and photographs

11.2 Epiblast cell heterogeneity

11.3 Mechanisms of compaction and the formation of the inner cell mass

11.4 Human cleavage and compaction

11.5 The mechanisms of implantation

11.6 Placental functions

11.7 Nonidentical monozygotic twins

11.8 Conjoined twins

11.9 Why do mammals have only seven cervical vertebrae?





III Later Embryonic Development





12. The Emergence of the Ectoderm: The Central Nervous System and the Epidermis



12.1 Formation of the floor plate cells

12.2 Neural tube closure

12.3 Homologous specification of the neural tissue

12.4 Mapping the mesencephalon

12.5 Specifying the brain boundaries

12.6 Constructing the pituitary gland

12.7 Cerebellar mutations of the mouse

12.8 Constructing the cerebral cortex

12.9 Neuronal growth and the invention of childhood

12.10 Parkinson disease

12.11 Why babies don't see well

12.12 Normal variation in human hair production

12.13 Mutations of human hair production





13. Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity



13.1 Avian neurulation

13.2 The specificity of the extracellular matrix

13.3 Mouse neural crest cell mutants

13.4 Committed neural crest cells

13.5 Human facial development syndromes

13.6 Kallmann syndrome

13.7 Communication between migrating neural crest cells

13.8 The evolution of developmental neurobiology

13.9 Horseradish peroxidase staining

13.10 The pathways of motor neurons

13.11 Genetic control of neuroblast migration in C. elegans

13.12 The early evidence for chemotaxis

13.13 The neurotrophin receptors





14. Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm



14.1 Calling the competence of the somite into question

14.2 Cranial paraxial mesoderm

14.3 Myogenic bHLH proteins and their regulators

14.4 Muscle formation

14.5 Paracrine factors, their receptors, and human bone growth

14.6 Osteoclast differentiation





15. Lateral Plate Mesoderm and Endoderm



15.1 Coelom formation

15.2 Transcription factors and heart formation

15.3 Angiogenesis in diabetes and tumor formation

15.4 Angioblast migration in the chick

15.5 Induction of the lung





16. Development of the Tetrapod Limb



16.1 The mathematical modeling of limb development

16.2 Specifying forelimbs and hindlimbs

16.3 Induction of the AER

16.4 Hox genes and limb evolution

16.5 Dinosaurs and the origin of birds





17. Sex Determination



17.1 Social critique of sex determination research

17.2 Finding the male-determining genes

17.3 Dihydrotestosterone in adult men

17.4 Insulin-like hormone 3

17.5 Roles of AMH

17.6 The mechanisms of breast development

17.7 Sex and the central nervous system

17.8 Other sex determination proteins in Drosophila

17.9 Conservation of sex-determining genes

17.10 Hermaphrodites





18. Metamorphosis, Regeneration, and Aging



18.1 The molecular biology of wing formation

18.2 Homologous specification

18.3 Insect metamorphosis

18.4 Precocenes and synthetic JH

18.5 The polar coordinate and boundary models

18.6 Regeneration in annelid worms

18.7 Ethel Browne and the organizer





19. The Saga of the Germ Line



19.1 Mechanisms of chromosome diminution

19.2 The insect germ plasm

19.3 Proteins involved in meiosis

19.4 Human meiosis

19.5 Germ line sex determination in C. elegans

19.6 Gonial syncytia: Bridges to the future

19.7 Gene expression during spermatogenesis

19.8 The Nebenkern

19.9 Hormonal control of yolk production

19.10 Transporting the Vg1 mRNA

19.11 Establishment of egg polarity

19.12 Synthesizing oocyte ribosomes

19.13 Drosophila spermatogenesis

19.14 The reinitiation of mammalian meiosis





IV Ramifications of Developmental Biology





20. An Overview of Plant Development





21. Medical Implications of Human Development



21.1 Human embryology and genetics

21.2 Holoprosencephaly

21.3 Bioethics: What is "normal"?

21.4 Bioethics: Sex selection

21.5 Thalidomide as a teratogen

21.6 Mechanisms of retinoic acid teratogenesis

21.7 Our knowledge of alcohol's teratogenicity

21.8 Our stolen future

21.9 Other teratogenic agents

21.10 Maternal effects on adults

21.11 Bioethics: Genetic enhancement

21.12 Bioethics: The ethics of human cloning

21.13 Bioethics: When does human life begin?

21.14 Bioethics: Stem cell science ethics and politics





22. Environmental Regulation of Animal Development



22.1 Developmental symbioses and parasitism

22.2 Complex environmental effects on development

22.3 Mechanisms of diapause

22.4 Polyphenisms in butterflies

22.5 Nutritional polyphenism in the dung beetle

22.6 Genetic assimilation and phenocopies

22.7 Inducible caste determination in ant colonies

22.8 The induction of immune cells

22.9 The phantom limb phenomenon

22.10 Environmental endocrine disruptors

22.11 Rachel Carson and the ban on DDT

22.12 Deformed frogs and salamanders





23. Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change



23.1 Lillie and Wilson

23.2 Haeckel's biogenetic law

23.3 The emergence of embryos

23.4 How taxonomic groups are classified

23.5 Gene expression data and macroevolutionary debates

23.6 Modularity as a principle of evolution

23.7 Correlated progression

23.8 Correlated progression in domestic animals

23.9 Heterochrony in evolution

23.10 Why are there no new animal phyla?

23.11 Changing embryonic traits through natural selection

23.12 Alternative mechanisms for evolutionary developmental biology

23.13 "Scientific Creationism" and "Intelligent Design"