Life on Earth 1979 720p BluRay Rus Eng HDCLUBseeders: 0
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Life on Earth 1979 720p BluRay Rus Eng HDCLUB (Size: 62.44 GB)
Description Year: 1979 Country: United Kingdom, BBC, Warner Bros, Reiner Moritz Productions Genre: Documentary Duration: 9 x 00 ~ 54: 00 Translation: odnogolosyj voiceover studio "Omicron" odnogolosy offscreen, V.Kurdov | (separately / severally only Ep. 1-3) Director: David Attenborough / David AttenboroughOpisanie: Documentary series "Life on Earth" for the first time on Blu-Ray. The first study of the great David Attenborough life on the planet in HD. A series of films shown in 1979, tells the story of the development of life on Earth; from the first single-celled organisms, which appeared in the seas around 3.5 billion years ago to millions of diverse and complex plants and animals that share the world with us segodnya.Tip Release: BDRip 720p Container: MKV Video: 960x720 (4: 3) at 25 fps, x264@L4.1, ~ 15.9-22.6 Mbps Audio: Russian: 48 kHz / 16-bit, AC3, 2.0 (L, R) ch, ~ 640 kbps | odnogolosyj voiceover studio "Omicron» | 2 Audio: English: 48 kHz / 16-bit, AC3, 2.0 (L, R) ch, ~ 640 kbps Audio 3: Russian: 48 kHz / 16-bit, AC3, 2.0 (L, R) ch, ~ 192 kbps | odnogolosy offscreen, V.Kurdov | {separately / severally only Ep. 13} Subtitles: English, Arabic, Dutch, Hungarian, Portuguese, Vietnamese Episode 1: The infinite variety / Episode 1: The Infinite Variety Duration: 00:54:17 The episode begins in the rainforest of South America, whose rich diversity of life forms is used to illustrate the huge number of different species. Since many of them depend on others in the food chain or for reproduction, David Attenborough argues that they should not have appeared at the same time. It aims to find out which of them came first, and the reasons for such a change. It begins with an explanation of the theory of Charles Darwin, and the process of natural selection using the giant tortoises from the Galapagos Islands where Darwin visited the ship Beagle, as an example. Fossil evidence of early life, Attenborough traveling vertically up to the Grand Canyon a mile in their quest. By the time it reaches the bed of the Colorado River, the geological layers 2 billion of age, where there is no fossils. However, the "right stones", located on the shore of Lake Superior in Canada, the most subtle, as tissue paper, pieces of silicon containing fingerprint thread primitive algae. In addition, microorganisms that thrive in Yellowstone Park (Wyoming), appear to be identical to the Earth's oldest fossils. We discuss in detail the evolution of single-celled creatures, from simple blue-green algae to more complex ciliates, and then multicellular sponges, jellyfish, corals and several options related polyps. The fossils of jellyfish are shown in Flinders (Australia), and their age is estimated at 652 million let. Episode 2: Building Bodies Duration: 00:53:45 The following program explores the life of various marine invertebrates. In Morocco, in the limestone age 600 million years, contains many fossils of invertebrates. They are divided roughly into three categories: seashells, sea lilies and segmented shell. Evolution of the armored creatures, demonstrated by flatworms, which ultimately changed the shape of his body, when required, burrowing into the ground in search of food and safety. Then develop tentacles and casing eventually covering the whole body in such beings as brachiopods. The most successful steel shellfish clams, which there are about 80,000 different species. Some single-such as cowries and at the same time as the other bivalves, e.g. scallops and giant clam. One species that has remained unchanged for millions of years - a nautilus. It has a floating camera inside its shell, which in turn became the basis for the ammonites. Krinoydy presented lilies and sea stars, sea urchins from the Great Barrier Reef. Annelids are perfectly adapted for digging and their fossils are well preserved in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. They evolved into the trilobites and shellfish, such as crab - Horseshoe (horseshoe crab) nesting in large numbers in the Gulf of Delaware. Although the crab - a robber and lives in the sea, in all other respects it is a land animal and Attenborough uses it to illustrate the next evolutionary shaga. Episode 3: The First Forests Duration: 00:53:21 This part introduces the tyranny of terrestrial plants and insects. The first plants are being deprived of the stalks, mostly mosses and liverworts were. On Earth they spread using both sexual and asexual reproduction methods. Originating from segmented marine creatures, centipedes were among the first who took advantage of this habitat and for whom followed by other species. The need to lay their eggs out of water, led to the need for physical contact between individuals of different sex. This was problematic for some hunters, such as spiders and scorpions that have developed courtship rituals, the female to male is not eaten. Over time, the cell walls of the plant increase, and they become higher. Ferns and horsetails were among the first of such species. Insects got wings to avoid climbing. Dragonfly wingspan which once was 60 centimeters, is one of the most successful. Sophisticated flapping wings of a dragonfly are displayed in 120-fold slowing. Some plants like Cycas use insects to transfer pollen, while others, like pine, spreading spores. Over a third of the forests consist of conifers and giant sequoia in California, the largest living organisms of this type: they grow to a height of 112 meters. Conifer resin allocated for self-healing, and the resin is kept in the form of amber. This sample was found insects age 200 million years. Already at that time there was every insect known to date den. Episode 4: The Swarming Hordes Duration: 00:54:27 This episode tells in detail about the relationship between flowers and insects. There are about one million species of insects classified. But in fact, they are two or three times larger and which have yet to be classified. About 300 million years ago, the plant began to attract insects, so they helped with reproduction, and they did it with flowers. Despite the fact that such magnolia contains both male and female cells, cross-pollination of plants is preferable because it provides more variability and hence evolution. Flowers advertise smell or appearance. Some began to produce nice smelling nectar and, in turn, several species of insects developed their mouthparts into the feeding tubes for its production. Nevertheless, in order to pollination occurred, some species - such as orchids - there are very complicated mechanisms to be discussed first. Others, such as yucca and visiting her butterflies depend on each other. Hunters such as the praying mantis, disguised as flowers and leaves, which are visited by their prey. Since the skin is made up of the insect chitin, it must periodically reset it to grow. The conversion of the caterpillars, chrysalis or cocoon into a butterfly or moth is one of the most complex examples. Termites, ants, bees, and some wasps have overcome any limitations by combining the size and formation of the super organisms. Wood green ants from South-East Asia shows to display the most unusual collaboration in creating gnezda. Episode 5: The Conquest of the Waters Duration: 00:54:30 This program looks the evolution of fishes. They have developed a variety of shapes, sizes, methods of movement and navigation. Tunicates, lancelet and lamprey are given as examples of the earliest, simplest types. Then, about 400 million years ago, the first vertebrate fish. Kimberley (Western Australia), in fact, the remains of an ancient coral reef and seabed. There Attenborough discovers fossils of the earliest fish to developed jaws. They turned to the two forms of being with a cartilaginous skeleton: wide (moon and rays) and long (like sharks). However, it is completely bony species were the most successful and spread from the oceans to the rivers and lakes. To adapt to these conditions, they have acquired the gills for breathing, a lateral line to detect motion and swim bladder for buoyancy. Coral reefs contain the greatest diversity of species, many of which are brightly colored to ward off predators or to attract partners. Their habitat, with its many hiding places within easy reach, allowing them to remain visible. Nevertheless, the open ocean offers no such refuge. So that prey and predator, floating in shallow water must have streamlined bodies to chase or escape. Most of the species that live below the thermocline, in the icy depths of the ocean, never have been removed, and they are mostly presented still only fotografiyah. Episode 6: Invasion of the Land Duration: 00:55:01 Next episode describes the transition from life in water to life on land. Maybe the fish were forced to do so because of the drought, or in search of new food sources. In any case, they eventually evolved into amphibians. Thus there is a need two things: to move the limbs and lungs for breathing. For example, you can see the coelacanth, a fish with bony fins could be modified fins to limbs, and acquire the ability to dual breathing, namely the absorption of gaseous oxygen. However, there is evidence that such an animal existed. It is represented in 450 millionoletnih fossils of fish and called Eustenopteron. Today, we studied three groups of amphibians. Caecilians opt out of limbs to ease the process of instillation. Newts and salamanders need to go back into the water, moisturize the skin. The most successful of them have become frogs and toads. Attenborough on the example of the frog Goliath, the largest of the species, demonstrating their features. Their webbed feet form the parachutes that make them "brilliant athletes." Some of them can make a jump of 15 meters, which is 100 times more than their own body length. In addition, using voice bags publish calls for pairing, which can be heard at a distance of a mile. Dart frogs restrains predators with poison that can even kill a person. And consider different methods of selection, including egg laying in the rivers, in other wet habitats for safety. Or, as in the Brazilian Pipa, their introduction into the skin of the roditelya. Episode 7: Victors of the Dry Land Duration: 00:54:34 This episode is devoted to the evolution of reptiles. They are not as limited as their ancestors of amphibians. In contrast, from which they can survive in the hottest climates, due to its scaly substantially waterproof skin. Scales protect the body from dehydration. And in the case of some species of lizards, such as the Australian thorny devil to protect against attacks. Horned Iguana from the West Indies is one of the most heavily armored members of their species. Rich skin pigment cells, provides an effective means of disguise, a well-known example is the chameleon. Temperature control is important for reptiles. They alone can not maintain internal body temperature or sweat to cool. Therefore, they rely on the sun and shade. Reptiles were the first vertebrates, for which internal fertilization has become so important that they have developed a waterproof egg in which a fully formed fetus. Age of dinosaurs known, and Attenborough believes that it is possible climatic changes led to their sudden death. Those who survived were aquatic creatures. For example, the Nile crocodile is the largest living today reptile, snakes appeared when burrowing lizards lost their limbs, but returned to the surface. BoA, puff adder and the horned rattlesnake demonstrate ways of movement. A snake eating eggs extreme size of jaw opening. Deadly spotted rattlesnake is shown as the most effective ohotnik. Episode 8: Lords of the Air Duration: 00:53:37 This programme focuses on birds. The feather is key to everything that is crucial about a bird: it is both its aerofoil and its insulator. The earliest feathers were found on a fossilised Archaeopteryx skeleton in Bavaria. However, it had claws on its wings and there is only one species alive today that does so: the hoatzin, whose chicks possess them for about a week or so. Nevertheless, it serves to illustrate the probable movement of its ancestor. It may have taken to the trees to avoid predators, and over time, its bony, reptilian tail was replaced by feathers and its heavy jaw evolved into a keratin beak. Beaks come in a variety of shapes depending on a bird's feeding habits: examples given include the pouched bill of a pelican, the hooked beak of the vulture and the elongated mouth of the hummingbird. Attenborough hails the tern as one of the most graceful flyers and the albatross as a skilled glider. The swift is shown as one of the fastest: it can fly at 170 km / h. Birds communicate through display and / or song, and the elaborate courtship rituals of New Guinea's birds of paradise are shown. All birds lay eggs, and the range of different nesting sites and parenting skills is explored. Finally, Attenborough visits Gibraltar to observe migratory birds. These rely on thermals when flying overland and use height to conserve energy when crossing oceans. It is estimated that some 5,000 million southbound birds cross the Mediterranean Sea each autumn. Episode 9: The Rise of the Mammals Duration: 00:53:37 This episode tells us about mammals. Platypus and echidna are the only mammals that lay eggs, as well as reptiles. It is from these animals have evolved and evolved other groups of mammals. Since mammals have warm blood, and most of them are covered with thick hair, they can hunt at night, when the ambient temperature drops. It is for this reason that they are more successful than their ancestors of reptiles, which requires an external display. Most of the program is devoted to the marsupial whose young partially formed at birth. The fossils, which were found in the Americas, and their age is 60 million years old. Because drift of continents, the species of mammal has spread only in Australia. The examples: quoll, Tasmanian devil, koala, wombat and a big red kangaroo. Thylacine (thylacine) was like a wolf, but is now considered extinct. In 1969, the bones of creatures such as kangaroos and 3 meter ferocious marsupial lion was found in a cave in Naracoorte, South Australia. The cause of the extinction of these animals, besides climate change is considered. Finally, Attenborough describes the most prolific mammals - those that emerged in the Northern Hemisphere, and give birth to fully formed young. He argues that the placenta and uterus have provided unparalleled in the animal world, the degree of security and continuity of supply of future offspring. Related Torrents
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